The district Fatehgarh Sahib is spread over geographical area of 114779 hectares with a population of 386950 persons which comprises 207937 males and 179013 females. The net sown area of the district is 102028 hectares with cropping intensity of 180 percent. The net irrigated area is estimated to be 102012 hectares which is 100% of net sown area. Total number of land holding in the district is 22473 which accounts for a total of 95321 hectare area. The major crops in the district are wheat and paddy covering an estimated area of 84000 and 85000 respectively. District is subdivided into 4 sub divisions. There are 445 villages as per 2001 census and 436 panchayats in the district. The literacy rate of the district as per 2001 census is 60-66% with highest literacy rate in Bassi Pathana tehsil. As per 2005-2006 census farmers are having medium land holdings of 4-10 hectares followed by semi medium landholdings of 2-4 hectares. Negligible percentage of farmers have large land holding i.e.10 hectares or more.

The climate of the district is extreme being very hot and humid in summer and cold in winter. The temperature ranges from 45C in May-June to 4C in December-January. It has subtropical continental monsoon climate. The rainfall is comparatively satisfactory.

The district falls in the south-eastern part of Punjab. The Sirhind and Khera blocks have sandy loam soil with medium quality irrigation water. Amloh and some parts of Sirhind have silt loam soils with medium quality irrigation water which is pumped through deep tubewells. Bassi Pathana and Khamano blocks have clay loam soil with good quality underground and canal water.